I currently reread Victor Niederhoffer’s The Eduction of A Speculator. I regard this book as one of the best I have ever read. It’s not an easy read, but it completely changed my mindset for the better 20 years ago. What makes this a good book? Because it explains the foundation and principles for successful speculation.

Chapter 7 is called Essential Board Games. What is the relevance between board games and trading? Boardgames are about risk and reward, and trading is no different. The basic principles are very much the same; both involve some form of speculation in future uncertainties. When you read the quotes further below, you realize how board games can help your trading.

Much of the chapter is about Tom Wiswell, a former world champion in the game of checkers. He spent much of his free time writing proverbs that related the game of life to the board game (or opposite).

According to Niederhoffer he drafted more than 10 000 (!) proverbs and brought new ones to every training session. When Wiswell died Niederhoffer realized he was sitting on a goldmine of proverbs. Niederhoffer divided the proverbs into the usual stages of the game of checkers, which in my opinion also happen to be the stages of trading/investing.

Below is an extract of what I consider the best of Wiswell’s proverbs, all taken from chapter 7 in The Education of A Speculator:

Rules of the game:

The winner of a match is not always determined by who is right….but in the end….who is left.

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The easiest thing in the world is to learn the checkers moves; the hardest thing is to learn to play them correctly.

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Moves that disturb your position the least disturb your opponent the most.

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A bridge is often the road to victory, or it may save you from defeat. I live near a great bridge, and I always try to have one in my games.

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It isn’t only what you know that counts, it’s also what you don’t know; and don’t know that you don’t know.

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The good player doesn’t memorize by heart, he memorizes by his brain. That way the plays stay with him or her.

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You may not have as much knowledge as your opponent, but you do have as much imagination – use it!

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In chess a lowly pawn may checkmate the king, and in checkers a common man may defeat a powerful monarch.

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Don’t play on a hungry meal; a hungry player is a good player.

Before the game:

Before every game say the following: I can defend myself from my opponent, but who will defend me from myself?

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The clock is your natural enemy, but there is no reason why it cannot become your friend: that only takes discipline, mental agility, developed visualization, and nerves of steel!

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Some players have no problem with the game’s precepts, but they get in trouble when they have to think.

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Don’t try to look too far ahead in the opening. Save that for the endgame, when it is much easier to see far ahead.

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The opening is the “planning” stage. You should already have a pretty good idea of this part of the game before you even sit down to work, especially if you are playing with a clock. When you have studied the opening you are playing as if you have a safety net under you.

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The student should concentrate on the weak opening, the strong ones will take care of themselves.

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Not all games a re lost in the mid- and endgames; many players go astray in the first ten moves.

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If you wish to play with the masters; become acquainted with their games, their strengths, and their weaknesses, if any. Watch them when they play, and listen when they talk, and read their books before you play them.

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Some masters seem to lead charmed lives – escaping certain defeat or winning hopeless games; but behind their charmed lives are years of work and study.

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The search for the right move – while you are playing – is helped by the research you have done before playing.

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When you discover good moves on your own, you are apt to remember them longer than the ones you learn by rote. Look in old books. They helped me win several title matches.

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When it comes to playing top games, the champions are workaholics, but it is work they enjoy.

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In order to play a game today, you should have studied yesterday.

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Before you ever push a piece, 90 percent of the work has already been done. The winner is the player who has done his homework.

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Don’t try to remember more plays than you can digest. It’s better to know less and understand more.

During the game:

Exercise judgement, exercise caution, exercise patience, and, finally, exercise.

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Indecision is fatal.